Variations: Nthum, Owang, Saf In Deam, Sefaf In Dem
Generally speaking, African vampire mythology is not based on the wholly undead or animated corpses like that of so many other cultures (see UNDEATH). However, what it does have are vampiric creatures and witches with vampiric tendencies that practice forms of cannibalism and necrophilia, as well as committing acts of vampirism. The ability to become a witch is not always an inheritable trait and is not necessarily something that can be taught to someone who desires to learn.
There is no reliable test that can be performed to determine who may become a witch, although women who are naturally barren or are postmenopausal are most commonly suspect. But anyone has the potential to become a witch. A person suspected of being a witch will find herself blamed for any unfortunate event that happens in the community, more so if the mishap happens to involve a child.
If a witch is discovered, she may be lucky enough to be banished and driven out of her community. Since there are several tribes who blame all of their misfortunes on witches, there have been pocket societies that have developed that consist of nothing but people who were labeled as witches. These small communities are very close-knit and quick to take in new arrivals.
However, if the witch has been directly connected to a specific crime, she will literally become a scapegoat and be ritualistically slain. When the witch is killed, the evil she wrought will die as well.
Once discovered, the witch’s tongue will be immediately cut out and pinned to her chin with a thorn so that she cannot speak and cast a spell on her captors. She is then beheaded, her body impaled upon a stake, and cremated. Her head is thrown away so that predatory and scavenging animals may consume it.
The Ewe people of southeastern Ghana and southern Togo, Africa, believe that this vampiric spirit looks like a CORPSE CANDLE, the constant light of a firefly, or like a shining beetle when not possessing the tribe’s sorcerer (see AFRICAN VAMPIRE WITCH). The adze, whose name means “an axelike tool”, is attracted to, hunts, and takes the blood from only the tribe’s most beautiful children. Although the creature would normally drink blood, it can be staved off with offerings of kokosmilch (coconut milk) and palmoel (palm oil). If captured while in its ball of light or insect form, the adze will immediately shape- shift into the form of a human. While it is in this form, any means that would normally kill a human will destroy the vampire.
Source: Arens, The Man-Eating Myth, 153; Bunson, Vampire Encyclopedia, 2; Hollinge, Blood Read, 87; Spauldin, Re-forming the Past, 104
Each November 1, the citizens of the town of Abruzzi, located in central Italy, hold a ceremony for their dead. Both the ceremony and the type of vampiric spirit they call are named after the town.
An offering of bread and water is placed on the kitchen table and beckoning candles are lit and placed in the windows of the home. Similar candles are placed on the graves of loved ones, allowing their spirits to rise up. Slowly the spirits gather together and form a line as they march back into town and to the homes they once lived in. Leading the procession are those that in life would have been considered “good” people, followed by “evil” people, then those who had been murdered, and finally, those who are condemned. Once they return to their old homes, they consume the essence of the food offering left for them.
There is a very complex magical ritual that can be performed at a crossroads that would allow the practitioner to see this procession of the dead. However, this is a very dangerous undertaking, as to see the dead walk will cause insanity, followed by death.
The celebration of Abruzzi is all that is left of the ancient Roman religious tradition that pertains to the Feast of Lemuria, which is similar to the ancient Greek festival, Anthesteria.
Source: Canziani, Through the Apennines, 326; Frazer, The Golden Bough, 77; Summers, Vampire in Europe, 15; Summers, Vampire in Lore and Legend, 77
The oldest known recorded vampire story in Western Europe comes from ancient Celtic lore and took place in the rural parish of Glenullin, in the town of Slaughtaverty, Ireland (see ALNWICK CASTLE). It is the tale of the merciless tyrant and powerful sorcerer, Abhartach. Traditionally, he is described as being a short man, a dwarf in many tellings, and having a physical deformity.
The story goes that one night Abhartach, a jealous and suspicious man, convinced himself that his wife was being unfaithful to him. Unwilling to confront her directly and wanting to catch her in the act of adultery, he climbed out of a window and crept along the ledge toward his wife’s bedroom. Before he could clear the distance and have a peek into his wife’s room, he slipped and fell to his death. Abhartach’s body was discovered in the morning and the people of the town buried him as if he were a king, standing upright in his grave.
This vampire from Bolivia hunts its human prey by appearing to them as a kindly old man who is lost and in need of assistance. Anyone who helps this creature will soon meet with a tragic end. If the victim does not contract a fatal disease soon after the ill-fated meeting, his body will be discovered drained of its blood.
Source: Maberry, Vampire Universe, 2
Абчанчу
Этот вампир из Боливии охотится на свою человеческую добычу, представая перед людьми как приятный старичок, который потерялся и нуждается в помощи. Любого, кто поможет ему, в скором времени ожидает трагический конец. Если жертва не подхватит смертельную болезнь вскоре после этой злополучной встречи, ее тело обнаружат обескровленным.
Люди, которые верят в существование сверхъестественных созданий, кровососущих хищников, преследующих человечество по ночам, едва услышав это слово, сказанное вслух в переполненной комнате, сразу замечают говорящего. Все взгляды обращаются к нему, а тела напрягаются, словно стадо оленей в общем процессе решения — следует бежать или нет?
Возможно существует какая-то примитивная часть нашего мозга, которая все еще связана со страхом перед этой отнимающей жизни ночной сущностью. Современный человек, при всех своих достижениях, развитии науки и техники, знает, что вампир не существует и все же... по ночам слабый голосок в затылке или дрожь в нижней части живота шепчут: «Но что если...»
Я вампиролог — мифолог, специализирующийся на межкультурных исследованиях вампиров. Есть много людей, претендующих на роль экспертов по сведениям и легендам о вампирах, которые скажут, что знают все о Владе Цепеше или графе Дракуле, или что могут назвать несколько разных видов вампиров. Я тоже могу это сделать, но известным вампирологом стала не по этой причине. Знать «кто, что и где» — это одно, но знать и, что еще важнее, понимать «почему» — это другое.
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