The vyrkolakas is a vampiric spirit from Greek lore (see GREEK VAMPIRES). When a werewolf dies, its spirit will return and possess a corpse, which it will animate in order to use as its own. Since the spirit is an entity apart from the body it occupies, it is not considered a REVENANT. Once the body becomes possessed, timpanios will occur, meaning its bloated body will become hard, and the skin will become so tight that when it is slapped it will sound like a drum. There is at least one vyrkolakas in every Greek clan. The vyrkolakas will walk through the community it used to live in, spreading disease and calling out the names of people it once knew. Anyone who happens to see it and look directly at it will die instantly; anyone who should answer its call will die within 24 hours.
Source: Guiley, Complete Vampire Companion, 26; Senn, Were-wolf and Vampire in Romania, 64; Summers, Vampire in Lore and Legend, 258
In Serbia a vampiric REVENANT known as a vukodlak is created whenever a heretic, magic user, or werewolf dies or if a person commits suicide or was murdered. When the vukodlak rises from its grave it looks like a bloated corpse with blood around its mouth, long fingernails, and reddish skin. Its first victims will be its surviving family and friends, and only after they have been killed to the last will it move on to others. Wherever the vukodlak travels it spreads illnesses and carries a plague that affects cattle.
GARLIC and silver will ward off a vukodlak, and throwing a handful of carrot or poppy seeds on the ground will distract it long enough for a victim to easily escape, as it is compelled to pick up and count each seed. The vampire can be destroyed but a specific process that must be adhered to. First it must be stabbed with a stake made of mountain ash. Then the vukodlak is decapitated. Finally, its heart is to be removed from its body and boiled in wine.
Source: Oinas, Essays on Russian Folklore, 116; Perkowski, The Darkling, 38; Wright, Book of Vampires, 90
In southern Slavic regions there is a vampiric REVENANT known as a vudkolak (“wolf ’s hair”), but this word is also used to refer to a werewolf. When a werewolf dies, on the night of the next full moon it will rise from its grave as this type of vampire. However, if a bird were to fly over the body of an unburied person, he too will also become a vudkolak. To prevent this from happening, a traditional honor guard made up of family and important people of the community will keep a careful vigil over the body all night long in order to ensure its safety. Should they fail in their task, on the nights of the full moon the vudkolak rises from its grave and shape- shifts into a werewolf in order to hunt humans to feed upon. The grave of a vudkolak can be detected as the grave that crows will not go near.
Source: Guiley, The Complete Vampire Companion, 10; Perkowski, The Darkling, 38
In the Republic of Macedonia there is a vampiric REVENANT known as a vryolakas. Like many of the vampiric REVENANTs from that region of the world, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia, it is created when an animal such as a cat or dog jumps over the body before it is buried, when a person dies by murder or suicide, if a person eats meat that came from an animal that was killed by a werewolf, or when an evil person who used magic dies.
The vryolakas is active only between the hours of 10 P.M. and the first cock crow of the morning, as it is susceptible to sunlight. It will use that time to seek out unsuspecting people to drain dry of their blood. Vryolakas have a most unusual behavior, even for a vampire, as it has an unexplainable compulsion to pour wine over its face. Some sources claim this is because in life it was a sloppy wine drinker and now in its unlife it is incapable of drinking from a glass. Other sources claim that the vryolakas is created when a person accidentally pours or splashed wine over the face of the deceased which is what causes triggers its vampiric resurrection.
Source: Ronay, Truth about Dracula, 22; Stefoff, Vampires, Zombies, and Shape-Shifters, 17; Volta, The Vampire, 149
A vampiric demon from Greek lore, the vrykolaka (“vampire” or “wolf fairy”) possess the corpse of a person who died a violent death, was improperly
buried, was cursed to UNDEATH by a priest, or was excommunicated by the church (see GREEK VAMPIRES). When it rises from the grave it looks every bit like the bloated, animated corpse that it is. It will go to the homes of the people it knew in life, its former friends and family, and knock upon their doors. Whoever has the misfortune to answer, the vrykolaka, a bloodthirsty and ravenous thing, will ruthlessly attack by day or by night.
Victims who happen to survive the attack of a vrykolaka will become this type of vampire themselves when they die unless they eat some of the dirt from the grave of the body that attacked him.
The vrykolaka can be prevented from attacking if its resting place is found. Then driving a stake through the body it has possessed and into the COFFIN it is resting in will ensure that it will be unable to rise up ever again. However, if someone already knows where the vampire is, killing it would at that point be just as easy as affixing it to the earth. Decapitating the vampire and hiding its head where it cannot be found is used in modern times, but the traditional method of rendering the body to ash is the most certain and effective. The only way to destroy a vrykolaka that was created through excommunication is to have a priest perform a special ceremony over the body followed immediately by either of the methods of destruction previously mentioned.
In the northern regions of Greece there lives a particularly barbaric species of vampire known as a vrukólaka, although the vrukólaka was originally a Slavic vampire. Created when the Devil possesses a corpse, the vrukólaka then rises from its grave and begins to systematically kill first its relatives before moving on to people outside of its family tree. To destroy the vrukólaka, the body must be exhumed and a priest perform an exorcism over the corpse. If this method proves to be unsuccessful, then the body must be cut up into little pieces and burned down to ash.
Source: Leake, Travels in Northern Greece, 216; Summers, Vampire in Europe, 253; Wright, Book of Vampires, 42
A vampiric REVENANT specifically from northern Dalmatia, the vrukolak is created when a person dies the victim of a vrukolak, by being murdered without anyone witnessing the crime, or when a cat or dog is allowed to jump over the body before it can be properly buried. It will first prey on its former family and friends before moving on to other victims. Vrukolak have the ability to create others of its kind and can transfix a person by maintaining continuous eye contact as well as emitting a disturbing shriek.
A vrukolak cannot be destroyed but it can be made incapable of ever rising from its grave and attacking anyone again. The vampire must first have its tendons cut so that it cannot walk. Then it can be nailed into its COFFIN with the last nail being driven through its heart.
Source: Alexander, Mythology of All Races, 229; Baring-Gould, Book of Werewolves, 64; McClelland, Slayers and Their Vampires, 105
On the Greek island of Myconi was a species of vampire known as a vroucolaca that was immune to the effects of holy water, prayers, religious processions, and being stabbed with swords. The vampire, left unchecked despite the best attempts of the citizens of Myconi to stop it, fed freely and often. Having no other option other than abandoning their island and moving to the nearby islands of Syra or Tinos, one last attempt was made to destroy the vampire. Its body was found and cremated, and as it burned the demon that possessed the corpse fled, never to return.
Source: Aylesworth, Story of Vampires, 5
Вруколака (Вриколакас)
На греческом острове Миконос существовал вид вампира, известный как вруколака, который был невосприимчив к воздействию святой воды, молитв, религиозных шествий и ударам мечом. Несмотря на все попытки жителей Миконоса остановить его, неуязвимый вампир свободно и часто кормился. Когда не осталось ничего другого, кроме как покинуть остров и перебраться на близлежащие острова Сирос и Тинос, сделали последнюю попытку уничтожить вампира. Его тело нашли и кремировали, и поскольку труп был сожжен, демон, овладевший им, убежал, чтобы никогда не возвращаться.
In Bulgaria, in the Demir-Haskov region, there is a type of vampire known as a vrkolak. Described as looking like a shadow, this vampire is created when the blood from a person who was murdered with a gun or a knife falls to the ground. Fourteen days later, the blood that was spilt will become a vrkolak and immediately set out to spread diseases to the local livestock. The vrkolak can only be slain by a type of vampire seer known as a SÂBOTNIK, who will kill the vampire in the same method that it was created. For example, if the vrkolak was created through a murder committed with a knife, then the SÂBOTNIK must use a knife to slay the vampire. Additionally, a dog that is a SÂBOTNIK can destroy a vrkolak with its bite.
Source: Alexander, Mythology of All Races, 229; Baring-Gould, Book of Were-Wolves, 64; McClelland, Slayers and Their Vampires, 105; Summers, Werewolf in Lore and Legend, 16
A vampiric spirit from Russian lore, the vpir possesses the corpse of a sorcerer or witch and animates it for its own evil purposes. The vpir attacks nightly those who travel alone, taking great delight in the terror it causes and reveling in the blood it consumes.
Source: Hunter, Encyclopaedic Dictionary, 404; Perkowski, Vampires of the Slavs, 164; Ralston, Russian Folk-Tales, 321
Выпир (Упырь)
Варианты: Упыр
Выпир — вампирический дух из русских преданий, овладевает трупом колдуна или ведьмы и оживляет его для своих злых целей. Ночью выпир нападает на тех, кто путешествует в одиночку, испытывая громадное удовольствие от ужаса, который внушает, и наслаждаясь кровью, которую выпивает.
Источники: Hunter, «Encyclopaedic Dictionary», 404; Perkowski, «Vampires of the Slavs», 164; Ralston, «Russian Folk-Tales», 321
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