Buddhist text tells tales of a vampiric REVENANT with large, blood-filled eyes and thick fingernails called a jikininki (“corpse-eater demon”). Created when a greedy, materialistic, and selfish priest dies, it returns and scavenges in the night for human corpses to feed upon, keeping any valuables it may find for itself at night. By day, a jikininki lives what would pass as a normal life. Jikininki hate themselves for what they have become, the lowestranked creature in its religious order of being. By making offerings to its spirit, the jikininki can be convinced to gather up its found treasures and seek out a brave warrior to kill it in battle.
Source: Bush, Asian Horror Encyclopedia, 88; Chopra, Dictionary of Mythology, 155; Hearn, Kwaidan, 72
When a person who has made numerous mistakes in his life dies, according to the Japanese Buddhist doctrine, his soul is condemned to reincarnate as a vampiric creature known as a jikiketsu-gaki. It is described as a gaunt humanoid with dark, oily skin; deep-set bloodshot eyes; ragged clothes; and sharp yellow teeth and claws. It is cunning and intelligent and has an utterly unquenchable thirst for human blood. The only way to stop such a creature is to destroy it; a wooden stake must be driven through its heart, as wood is the only material both strong enough to penetrate the body as well as porous enough to absorb all of its blood.
Source: Hearn, KottÉ, 189; Hearn, Kwaidan, 209, 212; Hurwood, Passport to the Supernatural, 94; Watson, Rural Sanitation in the Tropics, 186
Oftentimes called the female equivalent of the JIGAR KHOY, the jigarkhwar of the Sindh region of India is, although similar in many ways, distinctively
different enough to be its own type of VAMPIRIC WITCH. The jigarkhwar uses her power of hypnosis to place a person into a trancelike state in order to steal his liver. After the organ has been stolen, the witch returns to her home and cooks it. While this is occurring, the victim falls suddenly ill. As soon as the last bite of the liver is eaten, the person’s life-energy has been consumed, and he die (see ENERGY VAMPIRE).
The spell can be reversed as long as a single bite of the liver remains uneaten. As soon as it is eaten, the person’s fate is sealed.
Source: Crooke, Introduction to the Popular Religion, 69-70, 72, 168-171; Hodivala, Studies in Indo-Muslim History, 460; Pakistan Historical Society, Journal, vol.26, 153-154
In the North Indian nomadic tribes of the Bhils, Kols, and Santals there exists a type of VAMPIRIC WITCH called a jigar khoy, or a JIGARKHWAR if a woman. The jigar khoy uses his hypnosis skills to place a person into a trancelike state. Then, using magic, he steals a small seed from inside the person’s body that contains his life-energy (see ENERGY VAMPIRE). The witch implants the seed into his own calf muscle and uses his telepathic ability to call other jigar khoy to a meal. The witch will roast his leg over a fire; this causes the seed to grow in size. When it is large enough, he cuts out the seed and serves it as a meal to his guests, along with some of his own flesh. After the meal has been completely eaten, the person from whom the seed was taken dies. It is suspected that by use of magic the leg muscle is somehow healed or replaced.
The jigar khoy witch can seek out an appropriate apprentice to learn the evilness that is the witch’s purpose for being. After learning the spells, the student must then eat a cake that has bits of human liver in it. Once the cake is eaten, the student is no longer fully human but rather a fellow jigar khoy, which translates to mean “liver eater”.
Among the basic acts of evil the jigar khoy will commit when the opportunity presents itself, it will also be able to steal the intestines of a person, chew on them, and then place them back inside the person. Jigar khoy do this to feed off the pain it causes.
Having a jigar khoy in one’s tribe in very dangerous. If someone is suspected of being a jigar khoy witch, he is bound hand and foot to a large boulder, which is then rolled into a body of water. The belief is that no matter how large the stone is, the jigar khoy will not allow the rock to sink.
In Slavic regions, Serbia in particular, there is a species of vampire known as a jedogonja. It has a hairy body, red eyes, and sharp teeth (see HAIR). It feeds on animals and the blood of the people it knew in life through a hole that it bites into their chests. It spreads an epidemic wherever it goes and anyone who is killed by a jedogonja or died because of the disease it carries may come back to unlife as this type of vampire. Horses and oxen are particularly sensitive to this vampire and become nervous when one is near. If someone leads one of these animals around a cemetery, it will balk and refuse to pass over the grave of a vampire. Once the resting place of the vampire has been found, the body can be exhumed during the day and burned to ash.
Source: Georgieva, Bulgarian Mythology, 100; Hastings, Encyclopaedia of Religion, 624; Khanam, Demonology, 251; Pócs, Fairies and Witches, 56
Haitian vampire lore tells us of a werewolf-vampire hybrid called jé rouge (“red eyed”). When an evil person dies, he can rise from the grave as a wolf that feeds only on human blood. The only known way to destroy this creature is to behead it using a new sexton’s spade. Once this is accomplishled, the head must be thrown into a river.
Source: D’Argent, Voodoo, 42-43; Desmangles, Faces of the Gods, 95, 145; Métraux, Voodoo in Haiti, 89-90; Stein, Encyclopedia of the Paranormal, 801
Же Руж
Гаитянские предания о вампирах рассказывают нам о гибриде оборотня и вампира, называемого же руж («красноглазый»). Когда злой человек умирает, он может подняться из могилы как волк, который питается только человеческой кровью. Единственный способ уничтожить это существо — обезглавить, используя новую лопату могильщика. Как только это будет проделано, голову необходимо бросить в реку.
Источники: D’Argent, «Voodoo», 42-43; Desmangles, «Faces of the Gods», 95, 145; Métraux, «Voodoo in Haiti», 89-90; Stein, «Encyclopedia of the Paranormal», 801
In Brazil there is a vampiric demon known as a jaracas. It assumes the form of a snake when it is time to feed, slithers up to a mother while she is asleep, and attachs itself to her breast, draining her breast milk. During the attack, the jaracas slips the end of its tail into the baby’s mouth to prevent it from crying and waking its mother. When it attacks a sleeping man, it will bite him in his upper arm, taking a survivable amount of blood. Victims will eventually begin to grow weaker as the attacks continue, and will never be able to fully recover until the jaracas has moved on to other prey. Mothers will discover that their milk has dried up.
A jaracas can only be driven off if one hopes to save its victims, as it cannot be destroyed. Catholic prayers to the saints work, as will the blessing of a Catholic priest. There are also several ancient and traditional incantations, spells, and talismans that can be purchased or made to ward it off.
Source: Masters, Natural History of the Vampire, 51; Volta, The Vampire, 85
The ancient Aztec people of Mexico worshiped a vampiric goddess of agriculture named Itzapapalotl (“Obsidian Knife Butterfly”). She could shape-shift into a butterfly and was described as being a beautiful winged woman with jaguar claws on her fingertips and carrying a stone knife in her hand, the symbol of her personification as the ritual knife. Although she was not as bloodthirsty as other gods in her pantheon, she was slain by Mixcoatl with an arrow and her body burned to ash.
Source: Carrasco, Oxford Encyclopedia, 105; Lurker, Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses, 172; Sal, Soldaderas, 2; Vaillant, Aztecs of Mexico, 181
Ицпапалотль
Древний мексиканский народ ацтеков поклонялся вампирической богине земледелия по имени Ицпапалотль («Бабочка-Обсидиановый нож»). Она могла принимать облик бабочки, и по описаниям выглядела как красивая крылатая женщина с когтями ягуара на пальцах и с каменным ножом в руке — символом ее персонификации как ритуального ножа. Хотя она не была так кровожадна, как другие боги пантеона, Мишкоатль убил ее стрелой, а ее тело сгорело дотла.
Источники: Carrasco, «Oxford Encyclopedia», 105; Lurker, «Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses», 172; Sal, «Soldaderas», 2; Vaillant, «Aztecs of Mexico», 181
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